What was the nickname for Confederate soldiers. Members of all the military forces of the Confederate States (the army, the navy, and the marine corps) are often referred to as "Confederates", and members of the Confederate army were referred to as "Confederate soldiers". Army.[73]. [81], In exchange, the Cherokee would furnish ten companies of mounted men, and allow the construction of military posts and roads within the Cherokee Nation. A friend who visited the gravesite years later was said to have commented that it was one of the most sequestered, unfrequented, and inaccessible spots for a grave he'd ever seen. Confederate guerrillas were called For example, uniforms for North Carolina regiments often featured a colored strip of cloth on their shoulders to designate what part of the service the soldier was in. [32], The southern churches met the shortage of Army chaplains by sending missionaries. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, in his book For Cause and Comrades, most Confederate volunteers stated they were fighting for liberty as well as slavery while many of the Union soldiers stated they fought to end slavery and preserve the union. ), A total of 75% of Confederate soldiers served as infantrymen, 20% served as cavalrymen and 5% served as artillerymen (Lanser 10.). Sources: Mostabout 90,000were former . Presbyterians were even more active, with 112 missionaries sent in early 1865. Corporal of the Artillery division of the Confederate Army, Confederate mortar crew at Warrington, Florida in 1861, across from Fort Pickens, Confederate artillery at Charleston Harbor, 1863, Lt Col. E. V. Nash, 4th Georgia Infantry Doles-Cook Brigade, who was killed in 1864. 126 times it says help the less fortunate and I am sure it means even more so when you have compromised their education and freedom as was done for our black bothers and sisters for 250 years before the civil war so others could benefit financiallyhorrible greed at its best. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The combat arms included infantry, cavalry, and artillery. The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. [81] As a result of the Treaty, the 2nd Cherokee Mounted Rifles, led by Col. John Drew, was formed. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. A Chance for Active Service. Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the [43], One Confederate soldier from Texas gave his reasons for fighting for the Confederacy, stating that "we are fighting for our property",[44] contrasting this with the motivations of Union soldiers, who, he claimed, were fighting for the "flimsy and abstract idea that a negro is equal to an Anglo American". Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the MexicanAmerican War. 3.5 to 4 million soldiers fought in the civil war. Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. The treaty covered sixty-four terms covering many subjects like Choctaw and Chickasaw nation sovereignty, Confederate States of America citizenship possibilities, and an entitled delegate in the House of Representatives of the Confederate States of America. On September 27, the maximum age of conscription was extended to 45. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. Since some Confederate soldiers would have died for these reasons, more total deaths and total casualties for the Confederacy must have occurred. This database contains an index to compiled service records (CSRs) for soldiers who served with units in the Confederate army. McPherson admits some flaws in his sampling of letters. Prominent Confederates such as R. M. T. Hunter and Georgian Democrat Howell Cobb opposed arming slaves, saying that it was "suicidal" and would run contrary to the Confederacy's ideology. Eicher, p. 807. greyback, Johnny, Johnny Reb, Reb, Rebel - `Johnny' was applied Edit Search New Search. [79], By 1863, Confederate generals such as Robert E. Lee often spent as much time and effort searching for food for their men, as they did in planning strategy and tactics. Union soldiers might call a Confederate soldier butternut on account of the yellow and brown uniform some wore, or grayback for the more traditional Confederate uniform. Historian James M. McPherson says: Confederate and Union soldiers interpreted the heritage of 1776 in opposite ways. Many of the Confederacy's senior military leaders (including Robert E. Lee, Albert Sidney Johnston, and James Longstreet) and even President Jefferson Davis, were former U.S. Army and, in smaller numbers, U.S. Navy officers who had been opposed to, disapproved of, or were at least unenthusiastic about secession, but resigned their U.S. commissions upon hearing that their states had left the Union. The South's leading men of the planter class, had built their world upon slavery and the idea of voluntarily destroying that world, even in the ultimate crisis, was almost unthinkable to them. So anestimated 20,000 to . Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg. Discover several new games that we've added to our collection! The Choctaws, who were expecting support from the Confederates, got little. In the action that followed, he and his unit inflicted heavy casualties on the Union attackers. reb. [1] While the story seems to have been embellished, earlier sources show that it was not just made up by Kershaw, and has a plausible core. This was a decision made early in the conflict. Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. Coupled with the U.S. blockade of all ports the devastation of plantations, farms and railroads meant the Confederacy increasingly lost the capacity to feed its soldiers and civilians. At least one major was next in command. It was to consist of a large provisional force to exist only in time of war and a small permanent regular army. The Southern Baptists sent a total of 78 missionaries, starting in 1862. In his 1997 book For Cause and Comrades, which examines the motivations of the American Civil War's soldiers, historian James M. McPherson contrasts the views of Confederate soldiers regarding slavery with those of the colonial American revolutionaries of the 18th century. In an open-air industrial area in Richmond, Virginia, lie the remains of Confederate statues. While I think the slavery was certainly a significant catalyst (along with tariffs & internal improvements) for the war, once started the Southern objective was simple: obtain independence in a national liberation struggle. Throughout the war, the Confederacy raised the equivalent of 1,010 regiments in all branches, including militias, versus 2,050 regiments for the U.S. What does Shakespeare mean when he says Coral is far more red than her lips red? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Confederacy Established. For further information address me at Mobile, Ala. (Signed) S. G. Spann, Comm'ing Choctaw Forces. These major units were generally named after states or geographic regions (in comparison to the U.S. Army's custom of naming armies after rivers). Confederates called the union soldiers Yankees. According to historian Paul D. Escott: [F]or a great many of the most powerful southerners the idea of arming and freeing the slaves was repugnant because the protection of slavery had been and still remained the central core of Confederate purpose Slavery was the basis of the planter class's wealth, power, and position in society. answered 10/20/15. They tended to be young southern farmers, laborers and mechanics. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. I've never heard of any other cause than slavery. To avoid postponing recognition for their valor, those nominated for the awards had their names placed on a Roll of Honor, which would be read at the first dress parade after its receipt and be published in at least one newspaper in each state. For example, on August 19, 1862, General Stonewall Jackson approved the court-martial sentence of execution for three soldiers for desertion, rejecting pleas for clemency from the soldiers' regimental commander. What did Union soldiers call Confederate soldiers? One result was wave after wave of religious revivals in the Army,[33] religion playing a major part in the lives of Confederate soldiers. The weapons shall be Enfield Rifles. Local pressures mounted as Union forces occupied more and more Confederate territory, putting more and more families at risk of hardship. The search engine finds names alphabetically. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. pilot or "Flying Tigers" Military Unit Rank Enlistment Place Day Month Year Location Clear search Source Information Tennessee was the last state to join the Confederacy. What was of the nickname of the Union Army? U.S., Confederate Service Records, 1861-1865, U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. Estimates range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 soldiers who were involved at any time during the war. Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 - September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg . In the background is a slab dedicated to "Stonewall" Jackson, who earned his nickname at the first battle of Manassas, fought only 30 miles south of Washington, DC at the start of the civil . About 69% of Confederate soldiers worked as farmers before the war, 5% of Confederate soldiers worked as mechanics and 9% of Confederate soldiers worked as laborers (Lanser 11. number is not known. Confederate casualty figures are as incomplete and unreliable as the figures on the number of Confederate soldiers. America Outside Savannah, Georgia $30,000,000 worth of Confederate gold, stamped "Confederate States of America Treasury" is said to have been buried under the name of a Confederate general between two false generals in a cemetery. the "CSA"), whereas the northern states that remained united under the U.S. Constitution were called collectively "the Union.". Branch colors were used for the color of chevronsblue for infantry, yellow for cavalry, and red for artillery. Union soldiers might call a Confederate soldier butternut on account of the yellow and brown uniform some wore, or grayback for the more traditional Confederate uniform. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Armies were usually commanded by full generals (there were seven in the C.S. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions. Confederate soldiers were also called Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Confederate soldiers were called Rebels and Rebs, or simply "Johnny Reb." Confederate citizens and soldiers being called rebels and being considered part of a rebellion was an attempt to discredit the concept of the Confederacy being a separate country. [28] Challenges to the subsequent acts came before five state supreme courts; all five upheld them.[29]. Union slodiers - Yanks or Yankees . May God forgive you as this is not what the New Testament is all about. President Abraham Lincoln was exasperated to hear of such men who professed to love their country but were willing to fight against it. Parker stated that had he been given an opportunity, he would have turned against his Confederate captors, and "could do it with pleasure". To the extent the word "battalion" was used to describe a military unit, it referred to a multi-company task force of a regiment or a near-regimental size unit. The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (1861-1865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the Oxford University Press, 1997.Larned, Josephus Nelson. greyback - Dictionary Definition "Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms" "As nouns the difference between confederate and greyback General Kershaw would later be buried in that same cemetery, which also maintains the graves of Civil War General John Bordenave Villepigue and his descendant, World War I Medal of Honor recipient John Canty Villepigue, in addition to World War I Medal of Honor recipient Richmond Hobson Hilton. [105], Though most Confederates were opposed to the idea of using black soldiers, a small number suggested the idea. Required fields are marked *. [87] They were often the victims of battlefield massacres and atrocities at the hands of the Confederates,[87] most notably at Fort Pillow in Tennessee and at the Battle of the Crater in Virginia. To fully understand the vast changes the war unleashed on the country, you must first understand the plight of the Southerners who didn't want secession", "The Civil War News & Views Open Discussion Forum", "Memory: Frederick Douglass' Black Confederate", "Real Confederates Didn't Know About Black Confederates", "The Most Pernicious Idea: 150 Years Later", "Confederate Law authorizing the enlistment of black soldiers, March 13, 1865, as promulgated in a military order", "Understanding Fort Pillow: 'Full and Ample Retaliation', "SECTION III.DesertersPrisoners of warHostagesBooty on the battle-field", INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE FIELD, "West Points of the Confederacy: Southern Military Schools and the Confederate Army". [129], The exact number is unknown. Although only 20% of a sample of 429 Southern soldiers named slavery as the main reason they were fighting in the war, there was a reason for that, according to McPherson: Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. gray. [81][83] During the Civil War, 28,693 Native Americans served in the U.S. and Confederate armies, participating in battles such as Pea Ridge, Second Manassas, Antietam, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in Federal assaults on Petersburg. The altered photograph at left is considered by many to be evidence of black Confederate soldiers. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. "[114], In other cases, under explicit orders from their commanders, Confederate armies would often forcibly kidnap free African American civilians during their incursions into Union territory, sending them south into Confederate territory and thus enslaving them, as was the case with the Army of Northern Virginia when it invaded Pennsylvania in 1863. "[46][47], At many points during the war, and especially near the end, the Confederate armies were very poorly fed. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. This was about 10 percent of the total Union fighting force. on June 25, 2020, There are no reviews yet. Barring the same type of circumstances that might leave a lower grade officer in temporary command, divisions were commanded by major generals and corps were commanded by lieutenant generals. On March 1, 1861, on behalf of the Confederate government, Davis assumed control of the military situation at Charleston, South Carolina, where South Carolina state militia besieged Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, held by a small U.S. Army garrison. The kepi was rarely used, the common slouch hat being preferred for its practicality in the Southern climate. The Georgian newspaper opined that using black men as soldiers would be an embarrassment to Confederates and their children, saying that although African Americans should be used for slave labor, they should not be used as armed soldiers, opining that: Such an act on our part would be a stigma on the imperishable pages of history, of which all future generations of Southrons would be ashamed. The Confederacy refused. Following the Battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, March 78, 1862, Drew's Mounted Rifles defected to the United States forces in Kansas, where they joined the Indian Home Guard. Soldiers from both the Union and Confederate armies watched as he performed his task, but no one fired a shot. At some point during the day, Kirkland allegedly approached Confederate Brig. Vol 2, C.A. Confederate soldiers also frequently suffered from inadequate supplies of shoes, tents, and other gear, and would be forced to innovate and make do with whatever they could scrounge from the local countryside. "[22], In some cases, the Confederates forced their African American slaves to fire upon U.S. soldiers at gunpoint,[91][92] such as at the First Battle of Bull Run. A grayback was also a slang term for lice, so we can see the insult here. Most questions answered within 4 hours. The task of compiling these records for Confederate soldiers began in 1903. Can proteins have polar and non polar regions? Item Code: 2022-2311. Confederate uniforms. One estimate of the Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, is 194,026. [40] He stated that while the American rebel colonists of the 1770s saw an incongruity between owning slaves on the one hand, and proclaiming to be fighting for liberty on the other, the Confederacy's soldiers did not, as the Confederate ideology of white supremacy negated any contradiction between the two: Unlike many slaveholders in the age of Thomas Jefferson, Confederate soldiers from slaveholding families expressed no feelings of embarrassment or inconsistency in fighting for their liberty while holding other people in slavery. Download Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. WASHINGTON - Congressman Steve Cohen (TN-09) today introduced the Fort Pillow National Battlefield Park Study Act, legislation that would direct the Department of the Interior to conduct a resource study to determine whether the location of an infamous massacre of Black Union soldiers in the waning . While on the march or in parade formation, Confederate armies often displayed a wide array of dress, ranging from faded, patched-together regulation uniforms; rough, homespun uniforms colored with homemade dyes such as butternut (a yellow-brown color), and even soldiers in a hodgepodge of civilian clothing. In the absence of exact records, estimates of the percentage of Confederate soldiers who were draftees, are about double the 6 percent of Union soldiers who were conscripts. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. U.S. Civil War Era Uniforms and Accouterments, collections/strong/Duke University Libraries Digital Collections William Emerson Strong Photograph Album, 1st Confederate Battalion, Forney's Regiment, Confederate Enlistment Oaths and Discharges of the Army of the State of Georgia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederate_States_Army&oldid=1140479607, March 6, 1861: 100,000 volunteers and militia, January 23, 1862: 400,000 volunteers and militia. [43] After U.S. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, some Confederate soldiers welcomed the move, as they believed it would strengthen pro-slavery sentiment in the Confederacy, and thus lead to greater enlistment of soldiers in the Confederate army. September 27, 1862, the Second Conscription Act: expanded the age range to 18 to 45, February 17, 1864, the Third Conscription Act: ages 17 to 50. The Secretary of War has authorized me to enlist all the Indians east of the Mississippi River into the service of the Confederate States, as Scouts. Honoring the heroes & heroines that fought that struggle is no disgrace. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". so grateful for this information I know my family fought with the Confederates during the Civil War and am just trying to find out about family history and my countrys history thanks from a curious mind! Official Records, Series I, Vol. Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. The lack of central authority and the ineffective railroads, combined with the frequent unwillingness or inability of Southern state governments to provide adequate funding, were key factors in the Confederate army's demise. Its Anglicized spelling Yankee could, in this way, have been used to mock Dutch colonists. << Previous: National Park . Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown was an extreme case of a Southern States Rights advocate asserting control over Confederate soldiers: he defied the Confederate government's wartime policies and resisted the military draft. on the Internet. Find Confederate Soldiers stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. A Manual of Military Surgery (1863). "[86], With so many white males conscripted into the army and roughly 40% of its population unfree, the work required to maintain a functioning society in the Confederacy ended up largely on the backs of slaves. Capstone Press, 2016.Who Fought? American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/who-foughtMilitary Pay. American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/military-pay. U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 Match all terms exactly First & Middle Name (s) Last Name Birth Day Month Year Location Military Any Event Keyword e.g. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Ironically, the proportion of Union soldiers who wrote about the slavery question was greater, as the next chapter will show. What. All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. These records contain both military and personal details and are useful for locating an ancestor in time and place and tracking his movements during the course of the Civil War. One instance occurred in late 1862 with Lee's invasion of Maryland, coincident with two other actions: Bragg's invasion of Kentucky and Earl Van Dorn's advance against Corinth, Mississippi. Reports from the War Department beginning at the end of 1861 indicated 326,768 men that year, 449,439 in 1862, 464,646 in 1863, 400,787 in 1864, and "last reports" showed 358,692. [124][125], The Confederate law declaring black U.S. soldiers to be insurrectionist slaves, combined with the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. soldiers, became a stumbling block for prisoner exchanges between the United States and the Confederacy, as the U.S. government in the Lieber Code officially objected to the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of prisoners of war on basis of color. Maximum age of conscription was extended to 45 500,000 to 2,000,000 soldiers who wrote about the slavery was! All about your preferences and repeat visits Mounted Rifles, led by Col. John Drew, was formed M. says... Range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 soldiers who served with units in the that! 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